![]() We can use the REPLACE function in our SQL query as follows: SELECT REPLACE(description, 'unnew', 'second_hand') AS new_description We want to replace all occurrences of the word “unnew” with the word “second_hand” in the descriptions. Suppose we have a table named books with a column named description. Here is an example of using the REPLACE function: It takes three arguments: the original string, the substring to be replaced, and the new substring. The REPLACE SQL string function replaces all occurrences of a specific substring in a string with a new substring. Additionally, there are variations of TRIM, such as LTRIM (removes only leading spaces) and RTRIM (removes only trailing spaces), that can be used depending on the requirements. Also, if the input string is null, the TRIM function returns a null value. If there are whitespace characters in the middle of the string, the function will not affect them. Note that the TRIM function only removes whitespace characters from the beginning and end of the input string. The result is a new column called “trimmed_name” that contains the trimmed customer names. In this example, the TRIM function removes any leading or trailing whitespace from the customer_name column. We can use the TRIM function in our SQL query as follows: SELECT TRIM(customer_name) AS trimmed_name We want to remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the customer names in the table. Suppose we have a table named bookshop_orders with a column named customer_name. Here is an example of using the TRIM function: It takes a single string argument and returns a new string with the leading and trailing whitespace removed. The TRIM SQL string function removes leading or trailing whitespace (spaces, tabs, or newlines) from a string. Here’s an example: SELECT UPPER(title) AS uppercase_name The result is a new column called lowercase_email containing lowercase email addresses.Īnd if you need to uppercase the rows in a column, use the same syntax with the UPPER string function. In this example, the LOWER function converts all the characters in the email column to lowercase. The LOWER function in our SQL query is as follows: SELECT LOWER(email) AS lowercase_email We will look at the column email in the bookshop_customer table to convert all the email addresses to lowercase. ![]() Here is an example of using the LOWER function: It takes a single-string argument and returns a new string with all the characters in lowercase. The LOWER SQL string function converts all the characters of a string to lowercase. In this example, the SUBSTRING function extracts the first three characters of the “lastName” column. We can use the SUBSTRING function in our SQL query: SELECT SUBSTRING(lastName, 1, 3) AS firstName It takes three arguments: the string to be removed from, the substring’s starting position, and the substring’s length. The SUBSTRING SQL string function extracts a substring or a portion of a string from a larger string. SELECT SUBSTRING(lastName, 1, 3) AS firstName ![]() The CONCAT function will return a null value if any input value is null. Note that the CONCAT function can take any number of string values as input, and it will concatenate them in the order they are specified in the function. The result is a new column called “ fullName” that contains the concatenated strings. Here’s the basic syntax: SELECT CONCAT(firstName, ' ', lastName) AS fullName We want to create a new column called full_name that combines each customer’s first and last names into a single string. Suppose we have a table named customers with columns firstName and lastName.
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